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Controversial Research Paper Topics About Mental Health
Friday, September 4, 2020
Building team Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Building group - Essay Example Likely, the ineffective chiefs are surrendering it over to the colleagues to choose the pioneer among themselves. At the point when this occurs, the procedure of choice of the group chief may get confounded as there is only one post and competitors are many. In different cases, everyone is hesitant to be a pioneer since greater power accompanies greater duty. At the point when the advantages of having greater authority are very little, there isn't a lot of fascination in turning into a pioneer. To maintain a strategic distance from these intricacies, it is a decent practice for the chief to choose the pioneer from among the colleagues himself/herself. Notwithstanding improving the procedure, this would add to the validity and unwavering quality of the pioneer in the perspective on the adherents since the chief put his/her trust in the individual chose as the pioneer. Determination of the colleagues is a specialized procedure, and requires information on the individual gifts of individuals by the selector to frame the correct group. The administrators should choose various colleagues having various types of aptitudes and gifts to maintain a strategic distance from redundancy of abilities and battles about jobs (National Institute for Urban School Improvement, 2005, p. 3). Refereeing in collaboration is of prime significance. A group contains individuals with clashing perspectives and assessments, so they may as often as possible emit into broken clashes, in this manner, influencing their own, just as the teamââ¬â¢s, execution in general in a negative way. Goof rehearses in refereeing are full-time observing, and foundation of a formal or casual code of morals from the very beginning. It is principally the leaderââ¬â¢s duty to clarify the devotees which practices are grievous or unsatisfactory and might bring about the executorââ¬â¢s liabilities as well as punishments and what practices are sufficient to make the agent qualified for remuneration and appreciation. Likewise, it is valuable to archive a methodology of showing up at an answer in the midst of contention
Sunday, August 23, 2020
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Crucible Thoughts Essay Example For Students
Pot Thoughts Essay KV SmithPeriod 212-10-01In the start of the story, Nick is presented. He moved from the Midwest to New York and got into the bond business. Likewise living in New York is his subsequent cousin, Daisy, who is hitched to Tom Buchanan. Scratch is preferred by everybody and all through the story, he learns a great deal. As a matter of first importance, he learns of Gatsby who is his nearby neighbor. At that point he learns of Daisy and Gatsbys past relationship. They used to be a couple yet separated in light of the fact that Gatsby had left to war and lost his cash. This didnt appear to make him worth cherishing in Daisys eyes. Scratch additionally learns of Toms relationship with Myrtle, which is going on behind Daisys back. From the second he catches wind of Gatsby and sees his home, Nick is envious of him and gets the chance to meet him at one of Gatsbys parties. At the point when Nick heads toward the gathering, he meets Gatsby and discovers that he and Gatsby had battled in a simil ar division in World War I. After this first discussion among them, a companionship starts to fabricate, and Nick begins to fit in. At some point, he gets together with Jordan, and she informs him regarding Gatsbys past relationship with Daisy. Jordan discloses to Nick, that Gatsby is still enamored with Daisy and wishes to recover her, yet he needs Nicks help. Scratch acknowledges the errand and welcomes Daisy and Gatsby over to his home, where they at long last meet once more. Daisy and Gatsby begin to look all starry eyed at. Daisy begins spending time with Gatsby, which begins to make Tom dubious. Tom begins going to Gatsbys parties with her. After one of the gatherings, Gatsby starts to understand that his relationship with Daisy isnt what it used to be. Gatsby imagines that if Daisy went up to Tom and said I never adored you, everything would be okay and they could live joyfully ever after. Than things would resemble they were before the war. Later on, Tom and Daisy welcome Gatsby, Nick, and Jordan Baker out somewhere else at their home in New York. Daisy and Gatsby uncover their affections for one another before Tom. Subsequent to seeing a touch of this around, Tom turns out to be amazingly envious and in the long run blames Gatsby for attempting to raise hell in his home. Sooner or later of battling Gatsby makes Daisy reveal to Tom that she never cherished him, which goes out to not be valid. Disappointed, Tom advises the couple to leave. George Wilson and his significant other, Myrtle, are likewise having a contention. She comes up short on the house, just to be hit by Gatsbys vehicle, driven by Daisy, and is murdered quickly. Tom stops by after the other vehicle has left and sees that his darling is dead. Wilson addresses Tom in his bewildered state and Tom reveals to Wilson that Gatsby is liable for his wifes demise. Wilson, in a confounded state, at that point goes to Gatsbys house, slaughters Gatsby and shoots himself. Scratch, being Gatsbys companion, makes the burial service game plans. He attempts to discover some of Gatsbys different companions rapidly understanding that the couple of companions Gatsby has dont truly care about him. Just three individuals go to the memorial service. Disheartened by Gatsbys demise, Nick moves back to the Midwest to begin another life. Words/Pages : 556/24
Friday, August 21, 2020
Report on Consumer Behavior of Soft Drinks Essay Example for Free
Report on Consumer Behavior of Soft Drinks Essay Requirement for the investigation With the financial advancement in India various worldwide organizations have been approaching to put resources into India and tapping maybe and universes greatest developing business sector. As the conduits have been opened up for Multinational Companies, the worldwide monster Coca-cola additionally chose to make a passage into the Indian market. In India, the per capita utilization of sodas is at absolute bottom level even not exactly our neighboring nations Pakistan and Bangladesh, where it is four fold the amount. The previous summer was especially boiling one, with temperatures hitting the high 40s in certain spots yet; bottles were vanishing from racks quicker than they could be supplanted. In the pinnacle season, they wound up shy of limit and pivoting their trucks quicker and quicker to slake the more prominent Indian thirst. With development rates zooming into the twofold digits, bottlers have been impelled into growing limits. With their hotshot designs, the multinationals have changed the substance of this business, since quite a while ago overwhelmed by little league specialists. On the off chance that request keeps on expanding every year at a normal of 20 percent, at that point volumes could arrive at one billion cases inside ten years. 4 These curve aspiring targets and to contact them the cola creators should construct limit, foundation, make their bottlers progressively accessible and increasingly moderate. There are 5. 00,000 retailers loading soda pops in India. Additionally, soda pops which retail at anyplace between Rs. 9. 00 and Rs. 12. 00 are costly when estimated against buying power. As they create their techniques, watching out for one another constantly, eventually theres just one person they need to keep an eye out for, who will decide their fortunes: the shopper. The genuine race to extinguish his thirst has recently started 5 Objectives of the studyTo learn about the purchaser inclination as to soda To learn about the customer observation with respect Coca â⬠Cola To comprehend the Promotional Strategies To discover the medium which is best in arriving at the buyers? 6 Research system Information will be gathered from an example size 1000 and appropriated over various territories by utilizing straightforward Random Sampling. Irregular Sampling comprises of 1. Segment Segmentation 2. Sociocultural Segmentation 3. Use-Related Segmentation 4. Use-Situation Segmentation Analysis 1. Information Analysis is done both subjectively and quantitatively. 2. The examination is introduced pictographically utilizing structured presentations The time of the investigation is recent year 7 Scope of the examination The new monetary approaches of the Govt. of India embraced in the mid eighties were given further stimulus by the mid nineties. The Indian market has experienced impressive changed as an immediate outcome of a considerable lot of these approaches and soda pop industry is no special case to this. Keeping the previously mentioned point of view out of sight, the scientist has chosen soda pop market, since the advertising task his turned out to be all the more testing and escalated rivalry has opened up new vistas. Organizations are developing promoting systems by considering the requests of the commercial center progressively infiltrating into fitting business sector fragments acquainting separated items with improve their piece of the overall industry. The soda pop market has accomplished a quickened development in the previous decade. Soda pops incorporate trouble kinds of non liquor carbonated enhanced or in any case improved refreshments. The section of Pepsi and the reemergence of Coca Cola in the India advertise bend unavoidably confronting hardened rivalry however a definitive champ is client/purchaser. This has driven the analyst to consider me view of shoppers towards various brands of sodas and to measure out the 8 limited time key being received by the advertisers to draw wanton purchasers and win a bigger offer in the business sectors.
Dehumanization in All Quiet on the Western Front Essay
Winston Churchill consistently stated, ââ¬Å"You ask: what is our point? I can reply in single word: It is triumph, triumph no matter what, triumph despite all fear, triumph, regardless of to what extent and hard the world might be; for without triumph, there is no endurance. â⬠In Erich Maria Remarqueââ¬â¢s All Quiet on the Western Front, triumph is viewed as the main choice. The fighters in the novel take the necessary steps like acting before speculation or disregarding any potential outcomes so as to develop successful. Paul and his friends are presented continually to viciousness, kicking off a dehumanizing procedure that constrains them to depend on creature nature. This important impulse is the main thing that keeps them alive during war, yet it additionally transforms them inside leaving them with an alternate attitude. To endure the war, troopers need to forfeit any coherent intuition or feeling and battle on creature nature. They begin level-disapproved, yet when they arrive at the front such changes, as Paul accepts when he says, ââ¬Å"We walk up, testy or great tempered troopers â⬠we arrive at the zone where the front starts and become on intuition human animalsâ⬠(56). This creature impulse is essential for their endurance. At the point when they are placed in a circumstance concerning fighting, their brain adjusts to nature and starts to think about the foe as targets, instead of people. It is basically a cautious technician that permits them to spare themselves without the sentiment of blame. Paulââ¬â¢s sentiment is that, ââ¬Å"We have become wild monsters. We don't battle, we shield ourselves against annihilationâ⬠¦No longer do we lie vulnerable, looking out for the platform, we can wreck and slaughter, to spare ourselves; to spare ourselves and be revengedâ⬠(113). They are so distracted with battling and remaining alive, that their feelings totally vanish. This is demonstrated by Paulââ¬â¢s musings: ââ¬Å"If your own dad came over with them you would not spare a moment to excursion a bomb at himâ⬠(114). At last, in the event that they didn't dehumanize themselves they would not have the option to execute anybody over the adversary line. A genuine case of this is when Paul is solidified in the wake of investigating the enemyââ¬â¢s eyes during the principal barrage, yet he rapidly gets over this to proceed onward and spare himself. T. S. Matthews in his article ââ¬Å"Bad Newsâ⬠states, ââ¬Å"They have needed to become warriors, and they are nothing else. They have confidence right now; it isn't sufficient, yet it is everything they can be certain ofâ⬠(2). Matthews proceeds to state, ââ¬Å"But what props them up in manââ¬â¢s machine-made hellfire is the substantial nearness of the companions around themâ⬠(2). Actually, dehumanization is the way to endurance. All through the novel, Paul loses dear companions of his and each time he does he finds the solidarity to continue battling. He may not generally need to, however he continues pushing ahead in his dehumanized state towards the end. Dehumanization influences the fighter genuinely as well as inside too, both on and off the front. Being influenced inside by dehumanization implies that these officers are deprived of their feelings, have a changed their perspective on war, or are given an alternate outlook. At the point when Paul and others go to visit Kemmerich, a previous schoolmate whose leg was as of late excised, they can tell he is near the precarious edge of death. Rather than being concerned, Paulââ¬â¢s schoolmate Muller is obtuse and is just worried about his boots. Muller has been dehumanized to such an extent that everything he can force himself to consider is Kemmerichââ¬â¢s boots, and accepting them after his demise. Later in the novel, Kat calls attention to an expert rifleman to Paul, who is slaughtering off troopers. As Kat makes reference to, this expert rifleman feels no regret or blame about it his activities. He has been dehumanized to the point that he has come to appreciate murdering others. Dehumanization makes the warriors think distinctively with regards to death. They see such a significant number of individuals dead all the time that they start to mind less and less. Paul thinks, ââ¬Å"When a man has seen such a large number of dead he can't see any more drawn out why there ought to be such a great amount of anguish over a solitary individualâ⬠(181). Inside, the warriors are losing numerous things near them due to being on the front. These things are composed by Matthews, ââ¬Å"Love they have not known, enthusiasm and the various conceptual ideals and indecencies have evaporated away in their first drum-fireâ⬠(2). Due to being on the front, the officers discover trouble in the absolute most straightforward things throughout everyday life and losing different things they have just been educated. About this Matthews remarks, ââ¬Å"These adolescents whom the War is quickly making unfit for regular citizen life (however a significant number of them won't need to roll out the improvement) have thrown away, of need, all that they have been taughtâ⬠(2). This dehumanization changes the warriors, leaving with them with the results and thinking about whether the life of a creature is extremely worth living. At the point when Paul returns home on leave, he is hit with the sentiment of vagrancy. He can take no solace there, and starts to understand this isn't on the grounds that his home changed, however himself. At the point when Paul takes a stab at common non military personnel garments, he feels cumbersome and doesnââ¬â¢t perceive himself. He likewise thinks that its difficult to coexist with individuals who continually need to think about the war, similar to his own dad. Despite the fact that Paul is close to his family and associates, he despite everything feels separated. He is so familiar with being on the front with his friends that he starts to think about that as the nearest thing to home. Considerably after the war, the fighters would get back inclination destitute and separated from society. John Wilson, the creator of Combat and Comradeship, says, ââ¬Å"A opposite result, ââ¬Ëthe lingering pressure perspectiveââ¬â¢ (Figley, 1978) recommends that the psychosocial consequence of war proceeds or even escalates through the post war yearsâ⬠(136). The men on the front are just worried about existence and demise. At the point when their life is in danger, their perspective changes from when they were protected. Their musings never continue as before, and the progressions of their considerations influence how they carry on with their life. This is demonstrated when Paul says, ââ¬Å"Our musings are earth, they are shaped with the progressions of the days; when we are resting they are acceptable; enduring an onslaught, they are dead. Fields of holes inside and withoutâ⬠(271). Due to all the war and viciousness that Paul and his companions have endured, they have experienced a dehumanizing procedure. This procedure does in actuality spare them from war, yet transforms them into a totally unique individual. Living dehumanized, at long last, isn't justified, despite any potential benefits. They feel separated from home, lose all feelings and some even start to consider demise the main alternative. Before the finish of the novel, Paul basically depicts the life of a dehumanized fighter as, ââ¬Å"Shells, gas mists, and flotillas of tanks â⬠breaking, consuming, demise. Looseness of the bowels, flu, typhus â⬠burning, stifling, passing. Channels, emergency clinics, the basic grave â⬠there are no other possibilitiesâ⬠(283). Mulling over every one of these things, it is impeccably reasonable why a trooper would not need this sort of life.
Saturday, July 11, 2020
Finding the Best Online Writing Service
Finding the Best Online Writing ServiceFinding the best online writing service is not a complex endeavor as long as you know what you want and are willing to spend your time doing your research. There are many different things to look for in an online writing service, including professionalism, experience, and the frequency with which they update their services. But before you do anything else, it is important to understand that you need to be careful of the sites you choose so you do not end up wasting your time or your money.While you may be able to find some decent writing services on the Internet, you will likely not want to use those unless you have done your own research on them. One of the best ways to learn about the best services is to ask people you know and trust if they have used any such sites and how they fared. Then, you can move forward from there to see if they really are the best possible option for you. You should be cautious when hiring a company over the Internet as you will never be able to visit them in person to see how they do business.You also need to be very sure about how you will be able to get the most out of the services you choose. For example, you may need to look for websites that offer proofreading services, grammar and punctuation checkers, proofread articles, proofread e-books, proofread white papers, and much more. While you may only be looking for these services from one site, you will be able to use them from other sites as well.The way you select an online writing service should be similar to the way you would select a doctor. You want to do your homework, learn all you can about the various services, make sure you have a good understanding of what is expected of you as a writer, and then base your decision on experience, credibility, and reputation. By doing this you will be able to enjoy your experience with the best writing service that you choose.It may be helpful to know the type of writers who use each of the servi ces available. Find out what the requirements are for proofreading, how many proofread articles they have offered, and how often they update their services. When you know who uses the service, you will be able to choose the best writing service for you. You will want to find a site that offers all of the services that you need, but you also want to look for a site that has writers that are experienced in different areas of writing.You should not necessarily go with the first online writing service that you find, but you should try to choose from a variety of services that are available. You should always read reviews and be sure that you are aware of how long the writers have been providing their services, as well as what their reputation is like. Make sure that the writers are experienced in different areas of writing as well. While you may want someone who specializes in just a few areas, it is important to choose a site that offers multiple writers who can do a variety of tasks.M any of the best online writing services also offer writing software for use on your computer. You can find many services online that are available for purchase that can help you with not only proofreading, but also with other aspects of writing. Some of the best writers have used these services in the past and recommend them to others. If you want to increase your writing skills, these types of services can help you achieve this goal.The best online writing service will work hard to make sure that you receive the highest quality of writing, regardless of what your needs are. However, your level of skill will determine whether you get the most out of a writing service or not. So it is very important to learn about the best online writing service available so you can find a website that is willing to offer you the best writing services and best prices.
Wednesday, June 24, 2020
Corporate Governance From The Failure Of Lehman Brothers Finance Essay - Free Essay Example
Lehman Brothers one of the big financial services company was founded during the year 1850 filed its bankruptcy protection during September 2008. Numerous reasons caused this financial investment firm to cripple through the financial turmoil. The court ordered an external examiner to conduct an investigation by giving out ten requirements to guide him through his investigation about the issues of litigation and any breaches of law that might have occurred. Mr Anton R. Valukas the chairman of Jenner Block has taken up the task of investigation and conducted 100s of interviews and searched through the companys files and documents about a year costing $38 million. Mr. Valukas generated 2200 pages of document about his findings of investigation. This article discusses about the learnings in regards to corporate governance from the failure of Lehman Brothers and the scenario of Australia in comparison with America considering the regulations by regulatory authorities and r elevant legislation controlling the financial services sector. Corporate governance learnings: The document by examiner raises the flaws in the corporate governance those have to be reviewed to avoid such collapses in future. The major findings of investigation as per the examiner which are relevant to problems addressing the corporate governance are Risk Management and relevant disclosures by management to the board and issues of relevant internal controls. Deficiencies in stress testing scenarios. The need for disclosures to board of directors. Remuneration of top executives tied to short-term performance. Those listed out findings are further discussed in brief about surrounding issues by comparing what happened and the suggestions to avoid the occurrence of these problems in future. Risk Management and relevant disclosures by management to the board and issues of relevant internal controls: The risk models used by LBHI had number of assumptions resulti ng to inaccurate results, but still the major reason being the usage of information within the organisation had flaws. The board and the management of Lehman Brothers started to adopt the high risk taking business strategies. The understanding of the risks involved in financial instruments like collateralised debts, sub-prime lending, and derivatives was insufficient and lack of appropriate control procedures to lessen those risks. The board had not asked a question to management about the risk handling strategies and the models used to calculate the risk even thought one of the primary principles being overseeing the risk management system for investment firms. The boards supervision of issues relating to risk has to be strengthened. The usage of risk model which is dynamic with respect to market changes addresses the current scenario better than using a old static model with limitations. The board should have a combination of directors with different skills which are needed for that particular firm. One of the directors with technical knowledge of risk related issues would have helped to identify the red flags much earlier allowing them to take appropriate actions to overcome the problem. The lack of systematic procedures to communicate potentially significant business risks through effective channels weighs down to the issue of corporate governance. The board of directors should clearly establish the accountability and responsibilities right through the organisation. The lack of internal controls which can raise red flags to management while dealing transactions which lead to exceeding the risk limits of organisation helps in avoiding those transactions. The management and officers have taken very risky decisions based on their intent and pas experience about how it might result rather than analysing the situation based on the quantitative facts. Therefore the practice of every significant transaction with supporting documents which includes fac t based analysis has be prepared and approved by relevant authority. Lack of timely action: The management and board along with the government thought the effect of crisis is short term and therefore LBHI went on to acquire risky investments increasing their risk appetite without actually calculating their capacity based on the relevant facts. Later they realised effects and took actions to bring down the leverage ratio, but due to lack of liquid assets and anticipation of losses in getting rid of illiquid assets further troubled. Deficiencies in stress testing scenarios: LBHI always used the testing scenarios in deciding whether to practise a particular transaction was value the risk it carries. They also used its risk management system to promote the firms capabilities to credit rating agencies, potential investors and regulating government bodies. The scenarios used had lot of assumptions which biased the actual calculations from the reality. They excluded including t he effects of financial instruments like commercial real estate investments, leveraged loans, and private equity instruments leaving a big gap in analysing the risks posed by these securities. Therefore they ended up acquiring very risky options which created significant problems. Later when they included all those instruments the risk well exceeded the risk appetite of LBHI forcing them to reduce the leverage but that was too late to construct the damages caused. Gathering more information about the wide range of risk measures, different perspectives of similar risks helps in more effective measurement and effective communication across the organisation from board to managers leaves in better situation. Lehman Brothers had good rules and self governing rules in place but when it came to following those rules in business decisions the management failed to do so. For example, the management exceeded the single transaction limit policy to favour the handling of large deals. I nstead of just keeping the rules and policies to books and constitution of a firm, having internal controls which do not allow overriding these rules avoids the problem. The need for disclosures to board of directors: The disclosure by the management of the impacts of transactions and strategies both in terms of positive as well as negative consequences to the board helps them to take the better decisions due to the available information. The lack of information about the negative effects and the way the risk model is calculated disabled the directors from good business decisions. If the management would have provided the board with all the relevant disclosures have raised red flags about the situation forcing to act quicker to recover the situation by reducing the overall risk taken by firm. Therefore the board of directors should have access to the timely, relevant and accurate information. Proper foresight and forecasts by senior management should be practised. It can al so be done by including CRO to occupy the position on the board and reviewing the risks management issues during meetings gives a good guidance. The combination of competence of board of directors has to be addressed since the right combination helps discussing about different views in analysing the different situations. Remuneration of top executives tied to short-term performance: Many firms practice the method of calculating the remuneration of top executives based on their performance which is obtained from their financial statements, therefore tying down to short-term performance rather than long-term goals. This method of practicing is discouraging those who act favouring long-term sustainability of firm and provides incentive to accept those strategies which boosts the revenues in short-term but they might cause serious risks later. Therefore the calculation should also consider the risk factor and should encourage the long-term perspective. The CROs pay usually is n ot tied with their performance, the provision of tying CROs remuneration in relation to their performance also provides an incentive to act in favour of building a robust risk methods. Comparison of American situation to Australia: The major distinction of Australian situation was the financial markets were in good shape with good governance of ASIC and APRA the two regulating authorities of Australia. The Australian economy had a robust growth, very stable financial system, lesser unemployment rate and a little inflation rate. There is no issue of too big to fail and Australia doesnt have financial institutions as big as LBHI. The sub-prime market in Australia accounted for less than 1% of financial instruments unlike the England, U.S mortgage industry and many other countries. The rate of arrears for loans was lesser in Australian case on comparison with American which is mainly due to the features of the loans offered. The Australian market did not offered risky loan str uctures like offering lower introductory interest rates for a period of time. The intense competition in banking sector in U.S caused offering high-risk loans and lower price. Major Australian financial services sector maintained potential strength in balance sheets and stayed away from smaller amount viable financial disinterested parties. The Australian legislative system allows the lender to acquire the loan repayments not only through proceeding of sale of collateral but also other personal if the given collateral alone was not sufficient, therefore providing a stronger inducement to repay the loan. The lower unemployment rate also facilitated the Australian economy unlike the huge layoffs of American scenario. The laws in Australia in relation to insolvency trading, liquidation are very stringent. As per the corporations law if the director trades during insolvency is considered as breach of directors duties, if any directors found guilty in breach of directors duties are held responsible for the losses therefore it prompts to appoint administrator. The administrator takes charge of the entire firm where he analyses and negotiates with creditors about the possibilities and director is not entitled to any role unlike American case where director still runs the company. The failure in corporate governance and risk management, weakness in regulatory frameworks caused the collapse of Lehman Brothers. ASIC (Australian Securities and Investment Commission): The objective of ASIC is to endeavour to preserve, facilitate and improve the performance of the financial system and the entities operating within that system. ASIC also promotes the confidence in investors and consumers by information transparency in securities offered. All the financial service providers must possess a licence from ASIC therefore enabling ASIC to monitor the activities. The working standards and employing competent staff for responsible roles forms a usual guide lines un der ASIC. ASIC works based on corporations law and ASIC act for corporate governance and the conduct of the companies with respect to the share holders and beneficiaries. There is no off balance sheet vehicles or short-term loans provided in the Australian regulatory framework. Therefore any changes or deviation from AASB has to state properly by giving out the reasons for non-compliance and the method used with adequate disclosures. Directors breach of fiduciary duties and as long as they are not protected by business judgement rule the directors are subjected to forgo the losses incurred. The business judgement rule protection in Delaware courts was very broadly protecting directors with the need for stronger evidence. In Australian case it doesnt protect as well as it was with Delaware courts law. Regulations need to be considered by ASIC in light of the collapse of the financial institution Lehman Brothers. The usage of Repo 105 transaction and any other off balance sheet vehicles are to be disclosed with clear description of the methods used. Any such accounting gimmicks are to be prohibited in first place. The flaws in the accounting framework regarding ahs to be addressed to resolve the way of calculating and the relevant disclosures has to be clearly stated. As the corporations law has described the role of directors similarly the description of role of senior management officers and their responsibilities puts some pressure on their duty to deliver. The requirement to communicate all the facts to the board must be held as one of the duties. Need to formulate rules concerning the corporate governance issues in respect to both management and directors duties have to be reviewed. APRA (Australian Prudential Regulations Authority): The role of APRA is to protect depositors, superannuation fund members and insurance policy holders but not the share holders. The role of APRA is to promote robust risk management and prudent behaviour. The Australia had thought about Basel committee during 2004 on banking regulation is working to set up shock absorbers into capital frameworks. When the board doesnt understand the high risk products and how to mitigate the effects it is advised to not to invest on those products. The good governance is important for any organisation. The calculation of risk appetite was flawed in the LBHIs case leaving gap for institutions to develop their own. But in APRAs case the regulations has generally avoided certain short comings but development of quantitative methods. The local regulating bodies like APRA worked towards improving the market condition. A few initiatives are to reduce the complexity of products, transparency of securities offered, enhancing the role of credit rating agencies. Certain issues to be addressed by regulators included based on the Lehman Brothers collapse are: The capital requirements for investment firms has to be reviewed, there should be a regulat ions towards controlling the leverage ratios. The whole banking system is based on mitigating the risk and gaining the profits appropriate to risk, since risk is the critical issue for investment firms that should be managed by distributing the risk. Regulators should impose restrictions on high-risk business strategies by imposing a cap on total allowed risk at any time. The financial firms have to get the approval from regulators about the risk model usage and adaptive stress testing scenarios. The prudential regulator APRA making proposals on remuneration emphasising on financial stability and long-term growth. All the entitys personnel involved in decision making which affects the share holders are included in remuneration plan. Legislative provisions: So for the global financial crisis has not provided much changes to the Australian legislation. The Australian corporate governance and other regulatory bodies have well handled the global financial crisis with less impact on the economy. Conclusion: The Too Big To Fail financial services firm Lehman Brothers collapse has focussed the flaws in corporate governance, risk management strategies, and effects of age old off balance vehicles i.e., the accounting standards are learnings for the future. Many regulations and law reforms are developed from the problems the world faced as they form like Sarbanes-Oxley act which caused the formulation of internal controls as a standard. Therefore this collapse also comes out with well regulated rules and robust methods to handle the stress and limitations on risk taking are necessary. The part of law which governs the issues discussed in this article is corporations act 2001. Other regulatory frameworks which require review are prudential regulation, Accounting standards, corporate governance issues.
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